Ukuba usokola ngeefestile ezimnyama, iimenyu ezincinci kwiimonitha ze-4K, okanye uMhloli engakuvumeli ukuba uchukumise imowudi yokunyusa, nasi isikhokelo obusidinga. Siqokelele ndaweni nye ukuba hows and whys of Imowudi ye-Hi‑DPI Kwi-Windows, zeziphi iinketho zokwenyani onazo njengomsebenzisi kwaye yintoni abaphuhlisi ekufuneka bayiphumeze ukwenza ujongano lubukeke lubukhali kuso nasiphi na isikrini.
I-landscape idibanisa izikrini ezixineneyo ezikhulayo kunye nezicelo ezazalwa xa i-96 DPI yayiyinto eqhelekileyo. Xa usetyenziso lungaziqhelani nokuxinana okwandisiweyo, iWindows iyayandisa njengefoto, ebangela okuqhelekileyo isiphumo sobumnyamaWindows 11 iquka i-automatic Super Resolution feature yokuphucula ubukhali, kodwa isitshixo siselulwazi lweDPI yeapp nganye kunye noseto lwenkqubo oluchanekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba udibanisa abahloli abanezikali ezahlukeneyo okanye usebenzisa abathengi abakude.
Yintoni i-Hi-DPI kwaye kutheni ezinye iifestile zikhangeleka zimbi?
Ubuninzi beepaneli zangoku buye banyuka: ukusuka kwi-classic 96 DPI ukuya kumaxabiso asondele okanye ngaphezulu kwe-300. Xa i-app ingayazi i-DPI, inkqubo iphela ukukala nge-bitmap, kwaye oku kuthoba okubhaliweyo kunye nee-icon. Ngezinto zokukala ze-125%, 150%, okanye ngaphezulu, umahluko phakathi kwe-app ephendulayo kunye nengekho mkhulu.
Kwisigama sikaMicrosoft, usetyenziso lusenokungazi, luqaphele inkqubo, okanye luqaphele. Imowudi nganye ichaza ukuba iWindows ikala usetyenziso ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ukuba kufuneka phinda wenze i-UI yakho kwisikali esitsha ngokwaso. Ukuphakama komgangatho wolwazi, umphumo uya kuba bukhali xa uhambisa ifestile phakathi kwabahloli abanezikali ezahlukeneyo.
Umhloli weFayile: Kutheni iTab yokuNhambelana ilahlekile
Abasebenzisi abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba kwiC:\Windows\explorer.exe akukho ithebhu yokuNxibelelana; oku akuyompazamo, yinto nje yokuba uMhloli efumana unyango lwenkqubo ekhethekileyo. Ke ngoko, awuzukubona "Bhala i-DPI ephezulu yokuziphatha" apho. Ukuba ubona imifanekiso eluzizi kuMhloli okanye kwiPhaneli yoLawulo, unobangela uqhelekile kukukalwa kwesixokelelwano sehlabathi esisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingalungiswanga ngokupheleleyo.
Ngelixa ungenakho ukutshintsha ukuhambelana kwi-explorer.exe, Windows 10 kunye ne-11 zibonelela ngeendlela zokusebenza: i-"Vumela iWindows izame ukulungisa ii -apps ukuze zingafifi" ukhetho kunye nokugqithisa umlinganiselo we-app nganye ukusuka kwiindlela ezimfutshane okanye umntu wesithathu ophunyeziweyo. Ezi mpawu zinokuphucula ukuziphatha ngokubanzi; ngamanyathelo ongezelelweyo, bona i Isisombululo sokufiphalisa isikrini ngaphakathi Windows 10. Le misebenzi inokuphucula ukuziphatha ngokubanzi, kwaye kwiinkqubo ezininzi uya kukwazi ukusebenzisa i ukurhoxiswa kwesikali kwiipropati zabo.
Iimowudi zokwazisa zeDPI kwiWindows
Ukuqonda iindlela zeDPI yi isiseko sokuxilongwa Kutheni into ibonakala ibukhali kwesinye isikrini kwaye imnyama kwenye. Apha ngezantsi kukho imephu ngokubanzi yendlela nganye nganye eziphatha ngayo xa isikali kunye naphakathi kwabahloli abaneeDPI ezahlukeneyo.
| Modo | Ukusuka | Indlela iPPP ebona ngayo | Ukuziphatha xa utshintsha iDPI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akukho zingqondweni | N / A | Ngalo lonke ixesha 96 PPP | Ukukala kweBitmap (mfiliba) |
| Inkqubo yolwazi | Vista Windows | I-DPI enye: eyona ikwiscreen esikhulu xa ungena | Ibukhali kuphela kuloo DPI; ukuba utshintsha iimonitha okanye isikali, inkqubo yandisa bitmap |
| Imonitha nganye (v1) | 8.1 Windows | I-DPI yemonitha apho ifestile ikhona | Inqanaba eliphezulu lefestile lifumana WM_DPICHANGED; akukho kukala ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-UI yakho |
| I-monitor nganye nganye v2 | Windows 10 U-1703 | I-DPI yemonitha esebenzayo ngefestile nganye | Amanqanaba aphezulu kunye nesekondari afumana isaziso; Windows isikali indawo engeyiyo yomthengi, iingxoxo kunye nemixholo ukusuka kwicomctl32 V6 |
Kwi-monitor v2 nganye isicelo asilinganiswanga yinkqubo; kufuneka guqula ubungakanani kwaye uzobe ngokutsha imixholo yayo emva kweWM_DPICHANGED. Ngembuyekezo, inkqubo ilungelelanisa indawo engengomxumi (isihloko, imida, kunye neebar) yakho kwaye yenza isikali ngokuzenzekelayo iingxoxo ezenziwe ngeDalaDialog kunye nolawulo oluqhelekileyo ngemixholo.
Iinketho zeWindows zokunciphisa ukufiphala
Ukuba awungomphuhlisi okanye ujonge iindlela ezimfutshane ezikhawulezayo, Windows 10/11 ibandakanya i-tweaks enokwenza umahluko. "Vumela iWindows izame ukulungisa ii -apps ukuze zingabi mfiliba" ukhetho lunyanzela ukulungiswa ngokuphinda uhlengahlengise usetyenziso oluyingxaki xa lubona utshintsho lwesikrini, lunceda ukunqanda. ujongano olumfiliba xa uhambisa ifestile phakathi kwabahloli.
Ukongeza, unokuvula iipropathi zendlela emfutshane okanye .exe, yiya kwiCompatibility, kwaye wenze "Bhala i-DPI ephezulu yokuziphatha" ngokukhetha "Isicelo." Olu gqithiselo luxelela inkqubo ukuba ingakukaliseli ifestile, kwaye yeka inkqubo iphendule kutshintsho lweDPI; kwiiapps esele ziwenza kakuhle umsebenzi wazo, ububukhali buphucula kakhulu. kakhulu. Kwi-explorer.exe, njengoko besitshilo, le thebhu ayifumaneki.
Iingcebiso ezithe ngqo zabalindi be-ultrawide kunye nabathengi abakude
Ukuba usebenzisa iimonitha ze-ultrawide, ezinje nge-2560x1080, ngumbono olungileyo ngamanye amaxesha ukukhohlisa izisombululo zezandla kunye nokukala ude ufumane indibaniselwano elungeleleneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuseta isikali senkqubo esingaguqukiyo kunye nokunqanda izisombululo ezingezizo ezeHi-DPI ezenziwe liqela lenjongo kunciphisa iimenyu ezincinci kwaye kuphelisa. ukulinganisa izinto zakudala, kwaye ukuba usebenza kunye nezikrini zesibini zifunde qwalasela ithebhulethi njengeskrini sesibini. Kwi-macOS, kukho iindlela zokwenyani ze-HiDPI onokuthi uzivumele ukuba ufumane ubukhali kwizikali eziphakathi.
Kwiimeko zeDesktop eRemote kunye neenkonzo ezifana neNdawo zokusebenzela, umahluko weDPI phakathi komxhasi kunye nomamkeli ziqhelekile. Qinisekisa ukuba iseshoni ekude ixoxisana ngokufanelekileyo ngokukayila okanye iqalise uqhagamshelwano ngeeparamitha ezibonisa eyona DPI. Ukuba iapp yakho yiPer‑Monitor v2, iyakuphendula ngcono kolu tshintsho; ukuba akunjalo, uya kubona rhoqo iifestile ezandisiweyo nge bitmap.
Hlaziya usetyenziso lwedesktop ukuze ulinganise kakuhle
Ubuncinci obuncinci kukuphawula inkqubo njenge-v2-imonitha nganye ngokusebenzisa i-manifest okanye i-API kwaye uhambise i-logic ye-layout ngaphandle kokuqaliswa ukuze iqhutywe kwakhona xa i-DPI itshintsha. Yeka ukugcinwa kweesayizi zefonti, imida, kunye neemetrics ngonaphakade; kufuneke u bala kwakhona ngalo lonke ixesha i-WM_DPICHANGED yamkelwa.
Uninzi lwee-API ze-Win32 zembali azinamxholo we-DPI kwaye zibuyisela amaxabiso anxulumene nenkqubo yeDPI. Tshintsha iifowuni zakudala ngeenguqulelo zabo zangoku: sebenzisa GetSystemMetricsForDpi Endaweni ye-GetSystemMetrics, iyasebenza EnableNonClientDpiScaling ngexesha le-WM_NCCREATE ukuba nesikali senkqubo yesakhelo, kwaye isebenzise i-GetDpiForWindow ukubala ulungelelwaniso kunye nobukhulu ngokusekwe kweyona DPI yefestile.
Uqwalaselo lwe-DPI enemisonto: Imowudi exutyiweyo
Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu okanye iiprojekthi ezine-UIs yomntu wesithathu, ungafuduka ngezigaba. Nge SetThreadDpiAwarenessContext Unika ulwazi lweDPI kwiifestile ezenziwe ngelixa umxholo uyasebenza, ngoko uhlaziya iwindow engundoqo ukujonga-nganye kwaye ushiye ezinye iifestile eziphezulu kwimo yazo endala. Le yindlela eluncedo yokugxila kwindawo ebonakalayo kuqala ngaphandle kokuchukumisa yonke into kanye.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iindlela zokuxuba ziza nemithetho engqongqo: umthi wefestile awukwazi ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zomzali kunye nomntwana. Ukuba uyaphula umthetho, iWindows inokunyanzela a phinda usete imo yeDPI ukusuka kwinkqubo okanye ukubuyisela iimpazamo ezifana ne-ERROR_INVALID_STATE xa utshintsha ubuzali nge-SetParent. Kwiinkqubo ezinqamlezayo, ukusetha kwakhona ngenkani kunokwenzeka xa udala okanye uhlaziywa ngokutsha ii-HWND ezineemeko ezingahambelaniyo.
Iimvavanyo ezibalulekileyo zokubona ukungaphumeleli kwesikali
Bandakanya kwiplani yakho ehambayo yeefestile phakathi kwabahloli abanezikali ezahlukeneyo, ukusungula i-app kwisikrini ngasinye, ukutshintsha isikali kwi-fly, kwaye, emva kokutshintsha i-monitor ephambili, ukuloga ngaphandle kunye nokubuyisela ngaphakathi. Uphendlo lweDPI, iisayizi ezigciniweyo ezinentelekelelo engachanekanga, kunye nemiba yokubekwa ngokutsha kwefestile.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo: ukungahoyi uxande olucetyisiweyo kwi-WM_DPICHANGED (iyophula i-cursor positioning kwaye ingadibanisa iziganeko ze-DPI), i-querying metrics ukusuka kwintambo ene-DPI engalunganga, kunye nokusebenzisa i-APIs ngaphandle komxholo we-DPI ukulayisha izixhobo. Kwii-icon, umzekelo, buyisela i-LoadIcon nge LoadImage ngobungakanani obufanelekileyo kwiDPI nganye.
Ukulungelelanisa i-virtualization kunye nomxholo weDPI
Xa inkqubo okanye umsonto usebenza njengokungazi okanye inkqubo-eyazi, iWindows inokwenza i-DPI-sensitive values ukulinganisa i-96 DPI. Oku kwenza nzima ukuxilongwa kuba uza kubona ubungakanani besikrini, izikhundla, okanye iimetrics "zihlengahlengiswe" kumxholo. Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba umsonto osebenzayo ukwi Umxholo weDPI ukuba ulinde phambi kokubuza okanye ukwenza iifestile, kwaye ubuyisele umxholo wangaphambili emva kokusebenzisa iSetThreadDpiAwarenessContext ukunqanda ukusasaza iimpazamo.
Kubalulekile ukucinga ukuba ezininzi ii-APIs ezindala aziyi kudlula i-HWND okanye i-DPI kwisignesha yazo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufudukela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zangoku okanye ubuyekeze ngesandla: GetSystemMetricsForDpi, EnableNonClientDpiScaling, GetDpiForWindow, kunye nemisebenzi efanayo sisiseko sokumisa i-UI yakho ekubeni ilinganiswe ngu. bitmap kwaye inokuzotywa ngokucacileyo kuwo nawuphi na umlinganiselo.
Ukuhambelana nezikhokelo kunye nobuchwepheshe
Nge Windows 10 1703 ukuya phambili, inkxaso yesakhelo iphuculwe, kodwa ayifani. Izikali ze-UWP ngokuzenzekelayo kwisikrini ngasinye, ngelixa kwiWin32 umsebenzi uwela kumphuhlisi. IiFomu zeWindows kunye ne-WPF zibone ukuphuculwa, kwaye i-comctl32 v6 ilinganisa izixhobo ezinezihloko, iingxoxo, kwaye yazisa zonke ii-HWND zeenguqu ze-DPI; I-GDI kunye ne-GDI+ aziboneleli ngenkxaso yasekuhlaleni, kwaye i-MFC ixhomekeke kwi ikhowudi yosetyenziso.
| Isakhelo okanye iteknoloji | Inqanaba lenkxaso | SO | Ngubani okhwelayo |
|---|---|---|---|
| UWP | Gqibezela | 1607 + | Isikhokelo |
| Win32 + comctl32 V6 | PMv2: Yazisa zonke ii-HWND; iingxoxo ezikhulayo kunye nezihloko | 1703 + | Isicelo kunye nenkqubo engeyiyo yomthengi |
| Iifom zeWindows | Ukwandiswa kwemonitha encinci | 1703 + | Isikhokelo |
| I-WPF | Umthonyama kwiiapps zeWPF; ukusingathwa okuxubileyo kufuna uhlengahlengiso | 1607 + | Isikhokelo |
| GDI / GDI+ | Akukho | N / A | Isicelo |
| MFC | Akukho | N / A | Isicelo |
I-Direct2D kunye neepixels ezizimeleyo kwisixhobo
I-Direct2D yenza ubomi bube lula kakhulu kwi-Hi-DPI: ivakalisa ulungelelwaniso kwi-DIP (i-pixels ezizimeleyo kwisixhobo), ivumela i-bitmaps nge-DPI yazo, ihloniphe inkqubo ye-DPI ukuba i-manifest ibhengeza inkxaso, kwaye isebenzisa isithuba sokulungelelanisa indawo edadayo esikali kuyo nayiphi na iDPI engafanelekanga. Umbhobho wenzelwe ukulinganisa ukusuka kwi-96 ukuya kumaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumgangatho.
Kwi-Windows 8 kwaye kamva, i-Direct2D ilungelelanisa i-text anti-aliasing thresholds kwi-DPI ephezulu, ekhawuleza unikezelo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungatshintsha imowudi yeyunithi ibe pixels usebenzisa ID2D1DeviceContext::SetUnitMode kwaye uqhubeke nokuxhamla kolu lungiselelo. I-DIP enye ilingana nepikseli enye yomzimba kuma-96 DPI; kwi-192 DPI, i-DIP nganye iya kuhlala ipixels ezimbini. Oku kutsalwa kuphelisa iingcinga ezingqongqo Kubeko kwaye yenza isikali se-UI ngokuqikelelwa ngakumbi.
Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neNkqubo yoMhloli
Ukuqonda ukuba isikali se-app ethile silinganisa njani, iNkqubo yoMhloli (iSysinternals) ikuvumela ukuba wongeze ikholamu ethi "DPI yoKwazisa". Uya kubona amazwe anje ngo "Akwaziwa" (inkqubo soloko isikali), I-System-Aware (ibukhali kuphela kwi-DPI yokuqala), okanye i-Per-Monitor. Olu qwalaselo lukunceda ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba ufuna i-manifest, i-scaling override, okanye i-refactor yonikezelo.
Uphononongo oluSebenzayo: I-SSMS kwi-4K Monitors
I-SQL Server Management Studio iye yaphucula ngaphezu kweminyaka, kodwa ixesha elide inkxaso yayo ye-Hi-DPI yayiyinxenye. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziluncedo: ukusebenzisa i-manifest yangaphandle kunye nokusebenzisa isikali sokugqithisa ukusuka kwi-Compability. Zombini zinokuzuza okuninzi. ubukhali ngaphandle kokulinda utshintsho kwi-app ngokwayo.
Imanifesto yangaphandle: Yenza iqhosha lobhaliso HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SideBySide ngexabiso le-DWORD PreferExternalManifest elilingana no-1. Emva koko, gcina ifayile ye-UTF‑8 ssms.exe.manifest echaza ulwazi lweDPI ecaleni kwe-ssms.exe. Emva kokuqalisa kwakhona, ii-icon kunye nesicatshulwa ziya kujongeka zicocekile kakhulu kwi-UHD 3840 × 2160, kwaye iNkqubo yoMhloli iya kubonisa ukuba inkqubo iyayazi inkqubo okanye iliso ngalinye kuxhomekeke kwimanifest esetyenzisiweyo.
I-Scaling Override: Kwindlela emfutshane ye-SSMS, vula Ukuhambelana kwaye ujonge "Bhalisa i-DPI ephezulu yokuziphatha" ngokukhetha "Isicelo." Oku kunyanzela i-SSMS ukuba iziphathe njenge-app elawula ukulinganisa kwayo kwaye inqande iWindows ekuyinyuseni nge-bitmap xa i-DPI itshintsha; kwiikhompyuter ezininzi, le yi esona sisombululo silula ukuphelisa ubumfiliba.
Ukuba ucima i-manifest yangaphandle, Inkqubo yoMhloli iya kubonisa "Ayaziwa," ebonisa ukuba i-app ayikhuli kwiinguqu ze-DPI kwaye inkqubo iya kuyibuyisela kwakhona. Kwiinguqulelo ezindala ezifana ne-SSMS 2012/2014, inkxaso ye-beta yayingekho, ngoko ungenelelo nge-manifest aluzange lusebenze ngokufanayo, kwaye isiphumo sasihlala sijongeka sifana neso se-apps. akukho zingqondweni.
I-UWP vs i-Classic Desktop Frameworks
Ukuba uqala ukusuka ekuqaleni kwaye imeko yakho iyalingana, ukwenza i-UWP app yeyona nto ilula: izenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye iphinde ihlaziyeke kwiscreen ngasinye. Ngokwahlukileyo, iWin32 ecocekileyo, iiFom zeWindows, okanye ii-apps ze-WPF ezibamba ezinye izikhokelo zifuna umsebenzi owongezelelweyo ovela kumphuhlisi ukuphendula kwiinguqu zeDPI. Ngaphandle kolu mzamo, isicatshulwa esichetyiweyo, ii-icon eziluzizi, kunye ubungakanani obungalunganga xa uhamba phakathi kwezikrini.
Iindlela zokuphumeza ezilungileyo
Ukufudusa inkqubo yolwazi lwe-app kwisijongi ngasinye: phawula inkqubo njenge-PMv2 kwi-manifest, yenza uyilo lusetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye uluqhube emva kwe-WM_DPICHANGED, bhala ngaphezulu ukucinga kwe-DPI, layisha kwakhona izixhobo ze-bitmap kubungakanani obutsha, kwaye ubuyisele iifowuni ze-DPI ezingenamxholo ngezazo. ezilingana neDPI. Vavanya i-app kwizixhobo ezineemoni ezininzi kunye nezikali.
Ungalibali ukusebenzisa uxande olucetyisiweyo oluza no WM_DPICHANGED ukwenza ubungakanani bobungakanani kwakhona; oku kuthintela ukuphinda-phinda kwaye igcina ikhesa kwindawo efanayo. Ukuba ufuna enye isayizi, phendula ngokuthi WM_GETDPISCALEDSIZE. Kwaye xa utshintsha okwethutyana umxholo weDPI yomsonto, khumbula ukuyibuyisela emva kokuyekiswa ukunqanda ukusasaza. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Kwenzeka ntoni hidpi.h? AsiyoHi-DPI.
Kukho isihloko esibizwa ngokuba yi-hidpi.h enxulumene ne-HID (Isixhobo soNxibelelwano loMntu), esingenanto yakwenza nokuxinana kwesikrini. Inkqubo HidP_UsageListDifference Isetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa uluhlu losetyenziso lwesixhobo kwaye ibuyisela ubume obunje nge-HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS, ibeka usetyenziso olunyamalalayo kwiBreakUsageList kunye nokusetyenziswa okuvelayo kwi-MakeUsageList. Iluncedo kwizitshixo kunye nabalawuli, kodwa ayichaphazeli UI ukulinganisa okanye kwiPPP.
Kwaye kwi-macOS okanye kwiLinux?
Ngaphandle kweWindows, iMacOS ibonelela ngeendlela zokwenyani zeHiDPI kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe izisombululo ezinomgangatho ogcina ubukhali; oku kuluncedo ngeelaptops zeRetina okanye iimonitha ze-4K. Kwi-Linux, i-Wayland iphucule i-monitor-scaling nganye xa ithelekiswa ne-Xorg, nangona amava ahluka phakathi kwedesktops. Ukuba usebenza kwiindawo ezixubeneyo, khangela ukuba inkqubo nganye iyakuxhasa oku. Izigqibo ze-HiDPI iyinyani kwaye inqanda umgangatho ophantsi wokubeka iliso.
Imfihlelo yokuphepha ukudibanisa okuxubileyo kukudibanisa i-tweaks yenkqubo kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo zophuhliso: ukuqonda iindlela ze-DPI, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-scaling override kuphela xa kufanelekile, ukwamkela i-Per-Monitor v2, usebenzisa i-APIs "ye-DPI," ukuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zokubeka iliso, kwaye, xa kuyimfuneko, usebenzisa i-manifest okanye izixhobo ezifana ne-Process Explorer ukuphicotha ukuziphatha.
Ngezi ziqwenga endaweni, unokujonga kakuhle uMhloli kunye nezinye ii-apps zakho ukujonga icace kwaye iyahambelana nakwesiphi na isikrini. Yabelana ngolu lwazi ukuze abanye abasebenzisi bazi malunga ne-Hi-DPI mode kwi-Windows.