Ihlabathi lenkqubo yeteknoloji alipheli. Rhoqo ngonyaka, iilwimi ezintsha, iindlela, kunye nezixhobo ziyavela ezinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yobuchwephesha yabaphuhlisi. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni na Ezona lwimi zifanelekileyo zenkqubo ekhulayo ngo-2025. Ayisiyonto nje yokulandela iindlela, kodwa malunga nokuqikelela iimfuno zentengiso yezabasebenzi, ukuphucula ukuqeshwa kwethu, kunye nokuqonda iilwimi eziya kwenza umahluko kwishumi leminyaka elizayo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga nzulu kwiilwimi ezifumana ukuduma, izinto ezenza ulwimi luthathwe njengoluvelayo, kwaye kutheni kufanelekile ukutyala imali kulo. Siza kujonga nzulu ukuthandwa kwayo, ezona zicelo zixhaphakileyo, izinto eziluncedo, ezingeloncedo, kunye nokuvela kwayo kumanqanaba afana ne-TIOBE Survey index okanye uphando olufana ne-Stack Overflow. Konke oku ngendlela ecacileyo, efikelelekayo, kunye neluncedo, kokubini kwabo bathatha amanyathelo abo okuqala kwiprogram kunye neengcali ezifuna ukuhlaziya iprofayili yazo.
Yintoni omawuyiqwalasele xa ukhetha iilwimi zokuprograma ezivelayo?
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene ngaphakathi funda naluphi na ulwimi, kubalulekile ukucaca ngezinye Imiba ephambili eyenza ulwimi lube lubhejo olulumkileyo:
- Ukufunda ngokulula: Ezinye iilwimi zine-syntax esebenziseka ngakumbi, izenza zibe lukhetho olukhulu lwabaqalayo.
- Imfuno kwimarike yabasebenzi: Okukhona kufunwa ulwimi ngabaqeshi, kokukhona uya kuba namathuba amaninzi.
- Usetyenziso olusebenzayo: Ulwimi olunezinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka (i-AI, iwebhu, iselula, iDatha enkulu) iya kuba nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya omde.
- Inkxaso kunye noluntu: Uluntu olusebenzayo luqinisekisa izibonelelo, izisombululo, kunye nokuzivelela kolwimi okuqhubekayo.
Ukhetho olulungileyo aluqinisekisi kuphela ukuqesheka, lukwaqinisekisa ukuba ixesha elityalwe kuqeqesho liya kuba luncedo kwiminyaka ezayo.. Ukuqonda ulwimi ngokuncipha kunokwenza ukuba ulwazi lwakho luphelelwe lixesha.
Iilwimi zeprogram ezinokukhula okuphezulu ngo-2025
Ngokusekwe kwimithombo emininzi ekhethekileyo, ezi zi Iilwimi ezinoqikelelo olukhulu kunye nokukhula ngo-2025:
I-Python: Enye yeeLwimi eziPhumelelayo zokuSebenza
I-Python yongamela kwakhona njengolona lwimi ludumileyo lwenkqubo ngokwesalathiso seTIOBE kunye nezinye iimetrics. Ngo-2024, ifikelele kwindawo yokuqala, ngokunyuka kwe-9,32% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwanwenwela kwiinkalo ezibalulekileyo ezifana Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, isayensi yedatha, uhlalutyo olukhulu lwedatha, ukuzenzekelayo, kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu.
Kutheni ithandwa kangaka nje? Yakhe isivakalisi esilula nesicacileyo iququzelela ukufunda kunye nayo I-Versatility iyenza ibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kumashishini amaninzi. Ukongeza, inoluntu olukhulu kunye namawakawaka amathala eencwadi afana neTensorFlow okanye iPandas ezomeleza inkqubo yendalo.
Ewe kunjalo, iPython ayikho ngaphandle kokungalungi kwayo: yayo isantya sokwenziwa sisezantsi xa kuthelekiswa neelwimi ezinje ngeC++, kwaye inokuba nemiba yokusebenza kwizicelo zamandla aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokulula kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi zenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olungenakoyiswa.
JavaScript kunye ne-TypeScript
IJavaScript ihlala iyinkosi yewebhu. Ukuba unomdla kuphuhliso lwangaphambili okanye ngasemva (enkosi kuNode.js), olu lwimi kufuneka ube nalo. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela ukuba isebenze kubo bobabini umxhasi kunye nomncedisi, kwaye iyahambelana neziphequluli ezininzi zanamhlanje.
Nangona ingeyonto intsha, isakhula, kwaye ukuvela kwe-ecosystem yayo kuyigcina iphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, imiba yayo yokhuseleko kunye nokwahluka kokuziphatha kwesikhangeli esinqamlezayo kuhlala kuyingxaki ukuba ayiphunyezwanga ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-TypeScript ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, ezinokunyuka. Olu lwandiso lweJavaScript yongeza ukuchwetheza okumileyo, oku iphucula umgangatho wekhowudi kwaye iququzelele ukugcinwa. Iba ngumgangatho kwiindawo zoshishino apho kufuneka ulawulo olukhulu lokuhamba kwedatha kuphuhliso lwewebhu.
Hamba (Golang)
IGo izidibanisa njengenye yezona lwimi zithembisayo kwinkalo yenkqubo ehambelanayo kunye nezicelo ezinobungakanani. Iyilwe nguGoogle, ilungele ukuphuhlisa iinkonzo zefu, ii-APIs kunye nezicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Eyona nto iphambili kuyo yile:
I-concurrency elula ngeGoroutines, isantya esiphezulu sokwenza kunye umgangatho wokufunda ofanelekileyo. Nangona uluntu lwayo lungekabi likhulu njengaleyo yePython okanye iJava, umdla kwiGo uyakhula kwaye ziya zisanda iinkampani eziyamkelayo. Ngaphaya koko, ubukho bayo kwisalathiso seTIOBE bukhule kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-PHP.
Ukugqithisa
Umhlwa ukwazile ukuzibeka njengolwimi olunoqikelelo lwexesha elide. Imele ukhuseleko lwayo kulawulo lwememori ngaphandle kokufuna abaqokeleli benkunkuma njengakwiJava okanye kwiPython. Ilungele iinkqubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, isoftware yokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nemisebenzi efuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu.
IMozilla kunye neDropbox bayamkele, eyomeleza ubukho bayo kwishishini. Ewe, ukufunda iRust kulucelomngeni: yayo Ulawulo olungqongqo lwememori yenza kube nzima ukuyiqonda kakuhle kubaqalayo, nangona izibonelelo zenza oko.
Kotlin
I-Kotlin yayiyiminyaka yinkwenkwezi yophuhliso lwe-Android, indululwe ngokusemthethweni nguGoogle. Inika ukusebenzisana okugcweleyo kunye neJava, i-syntax ecacileyo ngakumbi kwaye ingaphantsi kweempazamo, kwaye ilungele usetyenziso lweselula lwangoku.
Nangona iphulukene nokubalasela kwinqanaba lehlabathi kulo nyaka uphelileyo (ngokwe-TIOBE), ihlala ibalulekile kwihlabathi le-Android, ngakumbi kwii-apps ezintsha ze-cross-platform.
Swift
I-Swift igxile kwi-ecosystem ye-Apple: I-iOS, i-macOS, i-watchOS, njl. Ngenxa yenkxaso yayo evela kwi-Apple, iyaqhubeka ifumana abalandeli phakathi kwabo baphuhlisa amaqonga ayo.
Phakathi kwamandla ayo kukho ukucaca kwi-syntax yayo, isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukongeza ekusebenzisaneni kunye neNjongo-C. Nangona kunjalo, umda wayo kwi-ecosystem ye-Apple unokuba ngumqobo ukuba kufunwa ulwimi olubanzi lwehlabathi jikelele.
SQL
I-SQL ayintsha, kodwa isaphila ngakumbi kunangaphambili.. Lulwimi olusisiseko lokulawula ugcino-lwazi olunxulumeneyo kwaye lungundoqo kwiinkalo ezifana isayensi yedatha, uhlalutyo lolwazi, kunye neDatha enkulu. I-MySQL, i-PostgreSQL kunye ne-SQL Server zisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
I-syntax yayo ilula kwaye iyafikeleleka, isenza kube lula ukuyamkela. Ewe, ikho usetyenziso oluthile lugxile koovimba beenkcukacha, ngoko ayinakho ukuguquguquka kwezinye iindidi zeprogram.
C# kunye neC++
I-C # (C Sharp) isabalulekile, ngakumbi kuphuhliso lomdlalo kunye nezicelo zoshishino.. Ngenkxaso epheleleyo ye-.NET framework kunye nendlela ejolise kwinto, lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo basebenza kwindawo ye-Microsoft okanye ngobuchwepheshe obufana noManyano.
I-syntax yayo ifikeleleka ngakumbi kunezinye iilwimi ezinje ngeC okanye C++, iyenza ilungele ukufunda inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo. Kwelakhe icala, I-C++ ihlala ilulwimi ekufuneka lube nalo ukusebenza kwiinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo, izicelo zemali ezisebenza kakhulu okanye iinjini zomdlalo wevidiyo. Ngaphandle kobunzima bayo, amandla ayo ayenza ibe yiklasiki ekunzima ukuyibuyisela.
Iilwimi ezintsha zokucwangcisa: iZig kunye neMojo
Amagama amabini aqala ukuvakala ngamandla kuluntu lwabaphuhlisi: iZig kunye neMojo..
Zig ijolise ekukhuphisaneni ngokuthe ngqo noMhlwa, kodwa ukunika a esona siphakamiso silula kwaye iyafikeleleka. Ikhuphuke ngaphezu kwezikhundla ze-80 kwisalathisi se-TIOBE ngo-2024, okwenza kube yinto yokwenene evelayo.
Mojo, ngokukokwakhe, uye wabhaptizwa njengomKristu “IPython ekhawulezayo”. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwePython ngelixa ugcina ukuhambelana ne-syntax yayo. Eli nqaku lenza ukuba lilungele abaphuhlisi abafuna isantya ngaphandle kokuncama ukuqhelana kwePython.
Iilwimi zokucwangcisa ziyehla: C kunye ne-PHP
Ezinye iilwimi ziphelelwa ngamandla kukhetho lwale mihla.:
- C iye yehla kwirenki, igqitywe yi-evolution yayo (C++) kunye neJava. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithile ezifana neenkqubo zokusebenza kunye nehardware.
- PHP ishiye i-TOP 10 yesalathisi seTIOBE. Nangona ihlala ibalulekile kwiprogram yewebhu, ngakumbi ngee-CMS ezifana ne-WordPress, uphuhliso lwayo lugqithiselwe kwiinketho ezifana neJavaScript, Hamba, kunye nezakhelo zanamhlanje.
Oku akuthethi ukuba ziya kuyeka ukusetyenziswa ngomso., kodwa isenokungabi lolo khetho lulungileyo ukuba uqala ukusuka ekuqaleni okanye ufuna ukutyala imali kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuba ucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kulwimi olutsha, qwalasela iprofayile yakho yobungcali kunye neenjongo. Ngaba unomdla kwi-Artificial Intelligence? Ngoko I-Python, iMojo okanye izikhokelo ezifana neTensorFlow baya kuba ngabahlobo bakho. Ngaba ujonge uphuhliso lwamafu? Yiya, Rust okanye TypeScript zingundoqo. Ngaba ukhetha ihlabathi eliphathwayo? Ngoko Swift okanye Kotlin kuya kufuneka.
Ngaphandle kolwimi, ibalulekile Lawula izenzo ezilungileyo, izakhiwo zedatha, i-algorithms, kunye neepateni zoyilo. Iilwimi ziyatshintsha, kodwa iziseko eziqinileyo zihlala zihlala.
Unyaka ka-2025 unika ithuba elimangalisayo kwabo banqwenela ukuphucula iprofayili yabo yobungcali ngokufunda iilwimi ezintsha zokucwangcisa. Amagama anje ngoRust, Go, Zig, kunye noMojo babanga indawo yabo ecaleni kwakudala njengePython kunye neJavaScript.
Ukukhetha kakuhle kunokwenza umahluko phakathi kokuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo ophakathi okanye ukuma ngaphandle kwimarike ekhuphisana kakhulu. Lungiselela ikamva, kuba iilwimi zenkqubo ziya kuqhubeka nokuvela, kwaye kufuneka uvele nazo. Yabelana ngesi sikhokelo ukuze abanye bafunde malunga neentsingiselo zolwimi lwenkqubo ngo-2025..