Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-GNS3 kunye ne-EVE-NG ayingomlo phakathi kwamacala, sisigqibo somxholo. Kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nohlobo lwebhubhoratri ekufuneka uwakhe ukuze ufunde, uziqhelanise, okanye ulungiselele izatifikethi. Ukuba ukhe wazibona izimvo ezinje ngo "X ungcono kuneY," uyazi ukuba aziloncedo kakhulu.
Ukubeka izinto ngolungelelwano, apha uya kufumana uthelekiso olupheleleyo nolusebenzayo olusekwe kwinto ebaluleke ngokwenene: Ukulinganisa xa kuthelekiswa nokulinganisa, ukufakela ngokulula, ukusebenza, imida yokukalisa, ixabiso, iihardware ezifunekayo, inkxaso, kunye neemeko zosetyenziso zehlabathi lokwenyani.Siza kujonga kwakhona apho i-Cisco CML ingena khona, kuthekani nge-PNET Lab, kunye nokuba ukhethe ntoni ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lakho (i-CCNA, i-CCNP, i-CCIE, i-automation, okanye imfundiso).
Ukulinganisa vs. Ukulinganisa: Kutheni Isenza Umahluko
Ngaphambi kokuthelekisa i-GNS3 vs EVE-NG, kubalulekile ukucaca malunga nesakhelo: I-Packet Tracer kunye ne-NetSim "zilinganisa" ukuziphatha, ngelixa i-GNS3, i-EVE-NG kunye ne-CML "ixelisa" iinkqubo zangempela.Asiyonto encinci le; ichaphazela ukufunda kwakho kunye nento onokuyivelisa kwakhona kwihlabathi lokwenyani.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa zizama ukulinganisa izixhobo ngaphandle kokuqhuba eyona nkqubo yokusebenza (IOS, ASA, njl.). Ziluncedo xa uqala: iikhonsepthi, imiyalelo esisiseko, kunye neelebhu ezikhaphukhaphu ezisebenza phantse kuyo nayiphi na ilaptop. Kodwa ziyasilela xa kufuneka uvavanye imisebenzi enzima, ukulungisa iimpazamo ezinzulu okanye ukuziphatha phantsi komthwalo.
Ukulinganisa kuqhuba inkqubo yokwenyani yokusebenza ngaphakathi kweVM. Isiphumo? Iibhutsi zangempela, iibhugi zokwenyani, i-CLI yokwenyani kwaye isondele kakhulu kwiimeko zemvelisoUkuba unqwenela i-CCNP, i-CCIE okanye uphindaphinda iimeko-bume kunye nabathengisi abaninzi, ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva uya kufuna ukulinganiswa.
Kukho isizathu sokuba abanye abahlohli basakhetha ukulinganisa: yonke into ibonakala "icocekile" kwaye igudile. Kodwa nantso ingxaki: iwebhu yokwenyani ayicocekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha eyona nto ixabisekileyo oyifundayo ivela kuyo iiyure zokusombulula ingxaki, kwaye ufumana oko ngokulinganisa.
I-GNS3 namhlanje: iqinile ukuqala, imfutshane ukunyuka
I-GNS3 yayilisango labantu abaninzi. Isasebenza kakuhle kwii-topology ezincinci, ngakumbi ukuba usebenzisa itekhnoloji endala okanye imifanekiso. Uluntu lukhona, kwaye zininzi izixhobo zokuqalisa ngaphandle kokuchitha nesenti.
Amandla ayo ahlala esebenza: Isimahla, ikhaphukhaphu kwiilebhu ezisisiseko, kwaye inezixhobo ezininzi zoluntu.. Ukongeza, umxhasi uyakuvumela ukuba ulayishe imifanekiso kwi-interface ngokwayo, ikwenza kube lula ukuqalisa ukuba awukaqhelani neLinux.
Apho ibuthathaka namhlanje? Kwintoni Ayenzelwanga iilebhu ezinkulu zabathengisi abaninzi okanye iimeko eziphambili.. Ulawulo lweprojekthi kwi-GUI lunokuba nzima, ukufakwa "okwenziwe kakuhle" kusenzima, kwaye inkxaso yemveli ye-SD-WAN, i-automation, okanye ukuhanjiswa okude kunqunyelwe. Nje ukuba ungene amabhongo topology, uya kuqaphela i-seams.
Umngcipheko nge-GNS3 uwela kwintuthuzelo eyaziwayo. Ukuba injongo yakho kukuba ube yingcali kunye nokusebenza neendawo zale mihla, kungafuneka ushiye ngasemva oko bekusebenzele kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye wenze umtsi uye kwizixhobo zangoku.
EVE-NG: Umgangatho we-de facto kwiilebhu eziphambili
I-EVE-NG izuze udumo lwayo kuba ihambelana neemfuno zeenjineli ezityhala nzima: scalability, abathengisi abaninzi kunye nokufikelela kwiwebhu ukusebenza naphi na. Ayizigwagwisi ngokuba "mhle," iqhayisa ukuba unokwakha, ukwaphula, kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo njengakwimveliso.
Iinzuzo zayo zenza umahluko: Iilebhu eziziva ziyinyani, inkxaso yabavelisi abaninzi (iCisco, iFortinet, iPalo Alto, iLinux…), ujongano lwewebhu olupheleleyo, kwaye kulula ukuseta kwiseva ekude kwaye uyishiye "ihlala ilungile." Ukuba uvela kwi-GNS3 kwaye ubunokuphefumula ukhula, apha uphefumlela phezulu.
Kumanqanaba eCCNP/CCIE okanye iimvavanyo I-SD-WAN, ukutshintsha, umzila onzima kunye nokuzenzekelayo, EVE-NG ilingana njengeglavu. Ngaphezu koko, uhlelo lwayo lwePro longeza izinto eziluncedo kumaqela kunye nabaqeqeshi, kodwa noshicilelo loLuntu lunjalo ekwaziyo ngokumangalisayo kusetyenziso lomntu ngamnye.
I-Cisco CML: Isemthethweni kwaye iLungile, kodwa ineMida
I-CML (i-Cisco Modeling Labs) ikhangeleka kakhulu kuba ivela eCisco kwaye iza nemifanekiso esemthethweni. Kulula ukuqalisa kwaye kulungele iilebhu zeCisco "ezicocekileyo". umzila, ukutshintsha, kunye noyilo olusisiseko. Ujongano lweHTML luluncedo, kwaye ukuqalisa kulula kakhulu.
Ngoku, yigadi evaliweyo: Umthengisi utshixile ngaphakathi: akukho Palo Alto, Fortinet, okanye iibhokisi zeLinux. Ukucinga ukuguquguquka yinto iCisco ikunika yona, kwaye xa uzama ukukhula kwisayizi yelebhu, ukusebenza akukhanyi. Kananjalo akukho luntu lunokuthelekiswa ne-GNS3/EVE-NG kwaye, kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho, uhlawula ngaphezulu ngomda omncinci ukuba injongo yakho kukuxuba itekhnoloji.
Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo eziluncedo omele uzazi: I-CML inokufakwa kuyo intsimbi engenanto, VMware ESXi, Indawo yokusebenzela okanye ilifu (AWS)Kwinqanaba le-CPU ye-hypervisor, ifuna i-Intel nge-VT-x/EPT. Ixhasa abasebenzisi abaninzi, iilebhu ekwabelwana ngazo kunye nokuhlanganisana (kuxhomekeke kuhlelo), idibanisa ukuthathwa kwepakethi, izibonelelo umgangatho wekhonkco, ukulibaziseka, ilahleko kunye nejitter kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uthumele ngaphandle/ungenise ngaphandle ulungelelwaniso loqaliso. Ngokumalunga nelayisenisi, ukwahluka koBuqu + kujikeleze amanani anje I-349 USD ngaphandle kweerhafu, kwaye iShishini lifuna uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwequmrhu. Kukho kwakhona a mda kakhulu edition free ukuya 5 nodes (IOSv, IOSvL2 kunye ASAv) ukuba ukuvavanya flow.
I-PNETLab: Ingcamango elungileyo, ukubulawa okuphekwe ngesiqingatha
I-PNETLab yazalwa njenge-clone-remix enomtsalane ye-EVE-NG: free, web-based kunye nojongano oluqhelekileyoKodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kuye kwamisa: ngaphandle Imephu yendlela ecacileyo, akukho luntu luqinileyo, olunonxibelelwano olucekethekileyo kunye neenkxalabo zokhuselekoKulinge lobuqu, lunokuba lufanelekile; kutyalo-mali lokwenyani lwexesha lakho lokufunda, hayi kakhulu.
Apho ungafaka khona iqonga ngalinye kunye nokuba yeyiphi i-hardware
I-EVE-NG iqaqambile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kokuthunyelwa: intsimbi engenanto, iVMware ESXi, Indawo yokusebenzela, iProxmox, iVirtualBox, iHyper‑V kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamafu. I-GNS3 ikwahluka (intsimbi engenanto, iVMware, iVirtualBox, iHyper‑V kunye nokhetho lwamafu), kodwa khumbula ukuba ifuna umxhasi wedesktop yakho Yosuku nosuku.
I-CML, inxalenye yayo, ixhasa intsimbi engenanto, ESXi, Workstation kunye AWSKwinqanaba le-hypervisor, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo: I-EVE-NG kunye ne-GNS3 zisebenza kwi-Intel kunye ne-AMD (AMD-V), ngelixa i-CML ifuna i-Intel nge-VT-x/EPT. Oku kunokuxhomekeka kwi-hardware yakho okanye umthengisi oqhuba kuyo.
Ngokuphathelele ubuncinane beemfuno zokuqalisa: nge-GNS3, I-8 GB ye-RAM kunye ne-4 cores zezona zincinci zihloniphekileyo kwaye i-SSD iphantse ibe yinyanzeliso; kwiilebhu ezinzulu, kungcono ukuya kwi-16 GB kunye ne-CPUs uhlobo lwe-i7/Ryzen 5 okanye ngaphezulu. I-EVE-NG ingaqalisa i-CCNA nge 8 GB/4 vCPU, kodwa yeCCNP/CCIE uya kuyifuna I-16-32 GB, i-6-8 vCPU, kunye ne-100 + GB SSD, kwaye ukuba uya kudibanisa izixhobo eziphathekayo, a eyona switsha ye-Ethernet. I-CML isebenza kwi-8GB/4 cores njengesiseko, kwaye iyayixabisa i-16GB ukuba uya kudlula izixhobo ezili-10-12.
Qaphela ngelifu: ababoneleli abaninzi bavimba i-nested virtualization (I-AWS, i-Azure, kunye nokunye okunjalo), enokushiya i-KVM isebenza ngesantya sesiqingatha. Abanye bakwazile ukuqhuba i-EVE-NG kwi-GCP ngaphandle kweengxaki, kodwa bayisebenzise njenge isilumkiso, hayi njenge vetoUkuba iyakufanela, ukurenta umncedisi kwaye ufikelele kuyo ngokusebenzisa isikhangeli ngumbono omkhulu thintela ilaptop yakho ekutshayeni.
Uqhagamshelwano, ukubamba kunye nemisebenzi elebhu
Ngokuphathelele indlela onxibelelana ngayo neendawo, i-CML ibonelela console kunye neVNC; EVE-NG (Uluntu kunye nePro) yongeza console, Telnet kunye VNC; kunye ne-GNS3 yongeza indibaniselwano ne I-PuTTY ukuba ukwiWindows. Ukukhupha itrafikhi, i-CML iyatsala isinxibelelanisi sangaphandle, ngelixa i-EVE-NG kunye ne-GNS3 ziquka eziqhelekileyo NAT Cloud ukuphuma kwi-intanethi ngaphandle kokwaphula intloko.
Ukuthathwa kwepakethi yenye inqaku lomahluko: I-CML idibanisa njengomgangatho; I-EVE-NG Pro kunye ne-GNS3 zithembele kuyo. IWireshark; Uhlelo loLuntu lwe-EVE-NG alunakwakhelwa kuyo. Ukwenzela ukuguqula indawo, i-CML, i-EVE-NG Pro, kunye ne-GNS3 vumela dlala ngomgangatho wekhonkco, i-latency, ilahleko kunye nejitter kwimiba eyinyani. Uya kufumana kwakhona uqwalaselo lwe-multiboot kwilabhu nganye, ukuthumela ngaphandle / ukuthunyelwa kwemimiselo kwaye, kwii-backups, i-EVE-NG idibanisa iikopi ezidibeneyo ngelixa i-GNS3 kunye ne-CML zixhomekeke kwi-backup ye-VM ngokwayo.
I-EVE-NG Community vs Pro: Kufanelekile ukuhlawulwa nini?
UHlelo loLuntu lwe-EVE-NG lubonelela kakhulu kunokuba lubonakala: Iilebhu ezingenamkhawulo, i-CLI yokwenyani, inkxaso yabathengisi abaninzi, iirotha/iiswitshi/udonga lomlilo, kunye neendawo zeLinuxNgale nto unokugubungela kwi-CCNA kunye ne-CCNP ukuya kwinxalenye enkulu yemisebenzi ye Ishishini leCCIE, ukuba uzilungelelanise kakuhle.
Ivula ntoni iPro? Ukuhlelwa kwe-agile ye-topology, ulawulo lwabasebenzisi abaninzi, kunye nefayile elula kunye nokuphathwa kwemifanekiso. kunye nenkxaso yemveli kwizikhongozeli kunye neeWindows. Kumsebenzisi omnye, ayibalulekanga; kubaqeqeshi kunye namaqela, Phawula umahluko. Imida yoLuntu, umzekelo, 63 iindawo kwilebhu nganye (iPro inyuka iye kuthi ga kwi-1024), ayikuvumeli ukuba udibanise ujongano lwezixhobo esele zivuliwe, ivumela umsebenzisi omnye kuphela ngexesha kwaye iyinqande kwilabhu enye esebenzayo.
Ngokweendleko, iPro ihamba ngokwenani eliqikelelweyo lomyalelo we I-150-173 EUR / USD ngonyaka kuxhomekeke kwindlelaUluntu lusimahla kwaye lwanele uninzi lwabafundi abazinikeleyo ababodwa.
Iindleko ezithelekisekayo kunye nokuba nganye ibandakanya ntoni
GNS3 yiyo I-100% yasimahla kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo. EVE-NG uye Uluntu lwasimahla kunye nenguqulo yePro ehlawulweyo enezongezelelo. I-CML ayinayo inqanaba lasimahla (ngaphandle kwedemo yokufundisa ye-5-node) kunye nelayisenisi yayo yobuqu isukela I-199-349 USD / ngonyaka. Ukuba ujonga ixabiso lodwa, i-GNS3 kunye ne-EVE-NG Community iphumelele; ukuba ujonga ixabiso vs. ukuguquguquka kwabathengisi abaninzi kunye nokukala, EVE‑NG iphuma kakuhle kakhulu.
Enye ingongoma ephambili kukufumaneka kwemifanekiso: akukho GNS3 okanye EVE-NG ibandakanya Imifanekiso yeCisco ngokungagqibekanga (kufuneka uzinike), ngelixa iCML izisa imifanekiso esemthethweni. Ukuba ufuna ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zelayisenisi yenkampani, oko kunokukhokelela kwi-balance kwi-CML kwixesha elifutshane, nangona ulahlekelwa kukuguquguquka kwiindawo zabathengisi abaninzi.
Inkxaso yomfanekiso kunye nendlela yokuyilayisha
Kwi-CML, imifanekiso yeCisco (IOS/IOS‑XE/NX‑OS/ASAv/FTDv/FMCv, njl.) ixhaswa ngokwemveli, kwaye kukho nenkxaso esebenzayo yeCisco SD-WAN (vManage, vBond, vSmart, vEdge). Nangona kunjalo, I-ACI ayixhaswanga kwi CML, EVE-NG, okanye GNS3. Kwi-EVE-NG kunye ne-GNS3, i-Cisco kunye namaqela esithathu axhaswayo, kodwa Kufuneka unikeze imifanekiso.
Ukulayisha imifanekiso kwi-EVE-NG kufuna ulwazi oluncinci lweLinux: SFTP ngeFayileZilla + SSH ukuzishiya kulawulo olubonakaliswe ngamaxwebhu, kwaye yiloo nto. Kwi-GNS3, ungalayisha i-VM kumxhasi ngokwakhe, nangona inokufuna uhlengahlengiso oluthile ngokomvelisiNgokwesiqhelo, i-EVE-NG ihlala ifuna ukulungiswa kancinci xa umfanekiso ochanekileyo ungenisiwe.
Imida yobungakanani, abasebenzisi abaninzi, kunye nokuhlanganisana
Ukuba ufuna iilebhu ezinkulu okanye usebenze nabantu abaninzi, gcina le mida engqondweni: Uluntu lwe-EVE-NG lufikelela kwiindawo ezingama-63 kwilebhu nganye, iPro ifikelela kwi-1024; I-GNS3 ayinyanzeli umda ongqongqo wesoftware (umda wokwenyani uya kusekwa zizibonelelo); kwiCML Personal+ ubuninzi bujikeleze 40 iindawo, kunye noshicilelo lweShishini luyenyuka luye 300. Kwiilebhu zabasebenzisi abaninzi kunye nekwabelwana ngazo, I-CML kunye ne-EVE-NG Pro ziyayixhasa., ngelixa i-EVE-NG Community kunye ne-GNS3 zineendlela ezininzi zezandla. Ngokudibanisa, I-CML, i-EVE-NG Pro kunye ne-GNS3 ziyayixhasa (ngee-nuances ngohlelo).
Yintoni omele uyisebenzise kuxhomekeke kwinjongo yakho
Ukuba usaqala nje nge-CCNA, ungaqala ngePakethe yeTracer kwizinto ezisisiseko kwaye xa ufuna inyani ngakumbi, inguqu kwi-EVE-NG CommunityIkhaphukhaphu kwikhompyuter yakho kwaye ikunika ukufikelela kwi-CLI yokwenyani, eyona nto iya kukwenza uphucule.
Kwi-CCNP, indlela enengqiqo yile EVE‑NG (Uluntu okanye iPro): Iiprothokholi ezipheleleyo, ii-topology zokwenyani, kunye nomxube wabathengisi. I-GNS3 iqala ukubandezeleka ngokwemiqathango yokulinganisa kunye nocwangco kunye neelebhu ezinkulu, kwaye i-CML ivala ucango ukuba ufuna ukushiya i-Cisco.
Ukuba ujonge iCCIE, into eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa EVE‑NG (ngokufanelekileyo iPro okanye kwiseva ezinikeleyo/yelifu)Kuya kufuneka ulinganise iindawo ezinkulu, itekhnoloji ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kunye neemeko zokusilela ngokwenyani. Kula manqanaba, i-GNS3 kunye ne-CML ziwela kufutshane ekuguquguqukeni okanye kwisikali.
Ukuzenzekela/DevNet? EVE-NG Pro ingena kakuhle kakhulu kwizikhongozeli kunye nolawulo lwabasebenzisi abaninzi; I-CML Kukwafanelekile ukuba uhlala eCisco, kodwa khumbula ukutshixa komthengisi. Ukuba ungumqeqeshi kwaye wabelane ngeelabhu, EVE-NG Pro Yenza iimvume, iiseshini ezihambelanayo, kunye nokuhlelwa kwentsebenziswano kube lula kuwe.
Kwiilebhu ezincinci kwilaptop yakho, zombini I-GNS3 njengoLuntu lwe-EVE-NG Bayasebenza; ukuba uceba ukukhula okanye ufuna ukusebenza ukude kwi-browser yakho, u-EVE-NG ushiya indlela ecacileyo kuwe.
Ukufakela kunye nezithintelo ezincinci ukugcina engqondweni
EVE‑NG ingafakelwa ukusuka I-OVF kwi-VMware okanye nge-ISO kwintsimbi engenanto. Ukuqalisa kuyakhawuleza, kwaye uyakuzoba ii-topology kwimizuzu nje embalwa (yakube ilayishiwe imifanekiso). I-GNS3 ibonelela ngesifakeli. Yonke-kwinye kwiWindows/macOS, kunye ne-GNS3 VM ixhaswa kwi-ESXi kunye nabanye abathengisi bentsimbi. Icala elisezantsi kwi-GNS3 kukuba ukulungiswa kakuhle kofakelo ngo-2025 kusekho inkohliso kuxhomekeke kwiipolisi zokhuseleko, i-firewall okanye ilaptop yeshishini.
Isikhumbuzo sokusasazwa kwamafu: uninzi lwe-hyperscalers aluvezi imiyalelo ye-virtualization (sele ikwiVM), ngoko ke iQemu/KVM inokucotha okanye ingaqalisi nokuqala. Ukuseta okusebenzayo kubonwe kwi-GCP, kodwa yithathe njenge ukhetho olunokwenzeka, hayi isiqinisekiso jikelele.
Ukusebenza, ukunyaniseka kunye nokufunda "okwenyani".
Ekugqibeleni akukhona nje malunga nokuqalisa, kodwa malunga ufunda oko uya kuba nakho kwimvelisoNge-EVE-NG kunye ne-CML unokuphinda uvelise ukulibaziseka, ilahleko kunye nejitter, yenza ukubamba okuhlanganisiweyo okanye ngeWireshark kwaye ulawule uqwalaselo loqaliso. I-GNS3 yabelana ezininzi zezi ziqwenga, kodwa xa ukhula ube zizixhobo, iinkonzo, kunye nabavelisi, Amava e-EVE-NG azinzile ngokubanzi kwaye ilungiselelwe izigaba ezinkulu.
Kwaye, ukuyiqhuba kwiseva kwaye ukufikelela kuyo ngesikhangeli kususa intlungu: Awuyitshisi ilaptop yakho, ungaqhagamshela naphi na, kunye nelebhu yakho "iyaphila" naxa uvala isiciko. Ukuba uya kutyalomali iiyure kunye neeyure, cinga ngayo nzulu.
Amanqaku kunye nama-nuances aya kongela ixesha
Akukho sixhobo sigqibeleleyo kwaye wonke umntu uno "ubugcisa" bakhe. EVE-NG Uluntu lunqongophele okuthile (abasebenzisi abaninzi, ukuhlela ikhonkco elishushu, njl.), kodwa inikezela ngayo yonke into oyifunayo. GNS3 imnandi ukuba uvela iindawo zelifa okanye iilebhu ezilula, kunye ne-CML ilula kakhulu ukuba ufuna imifanekiso esemthethweni yeCisco ngaphandle kokulwela iilayisensi.
Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na idatha efuna ukucokiswa, Ingxelo yeevibes ezilungileyo ihlala yamkelekileKwaye ukuba nabani na unamava aqinileyo ngeContainerLab kwaye ufuna ukwabelana ngayo, yigolide leyo kuye nabani na ocinga ngale ndlela. Ekugqibeleni, khumbula ukuba iCisco ine ilinganiselwe kakhulu inguqulelo yasimahla yeCML ukuya 5 nodes (IOSv, IOSvL2 kunye ASAv) ukuba uzame ngaphandle kokuhlawula.
Ukhetho lucace gca kwiiprofayili: I-GNS3 sisiqalo esihle Ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngu-zero kwaye iilebhu zakho zithobekile; EVE‑NG kulapho ukhulela khona ngenene, kumlinganiselo kunye nenyaniso; kwaye I-CML ifanelekile Ukuba ufuna uncedo lwemifanekiso esemthethweni kwaye ungakhathali ngokuhlala kwindalo yonke yeCisco. Nantoni na oyikhethayo, musa ukuvumela ufakelo lucothise: Into eya kukwenza ube ngcono kukuzilolonga rhoqo, qhawula ngaphandle kokwesaba kwaye uqhelane "nokungcola" kweenethiwekhi zangempela.
