Uya nini fometha i-USB drive, ikhadi le-SD okanye i-hard driveNgequbuliso, amagama afinyeziweyo avela kuyo yonke indawo: FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS… kwaye sihlala sikhetha ukhetho ngokungacwangciswanga kuba “lulo oluqhelekileyo.” Ekugqibeleni, oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuhambelana, imida yobukhulu befayile ecaphukisayo, okanye iimpazamo ezingaqhelekanga xa uqhagamshela idrayivu kwiTV, kwi-game console, okanye kwisixhobo esiphathwayo.
Ukukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo phakathi kwe-exFAT, FAT32, FAT kunye ne-FAT16 Ukuqonda i-NTFS, i-EXT, i-HFS, njl. (kunye nokuziqonda) kwenza umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-drive esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kunye ne-drive esebenza ngamaxesha athile. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlaziya ngokuzolileyo ukuba yintoni inkqubo yefayile, yintoni enikezelwa yifomathi nganye, imida yayo, kunye nokuba ilungele nini ukuyisebenzisa nganye. Injongo kukuba, xa ugqiba ukufunda, ukufometha i-drive akusayi kuba yinto yokubheja kodwa isigqibo esiqondakalayo.
Yintoni inkqubo yefayile kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?
Un Inkqubo yefayile Yindlela inkqubo yokusebenza ehlela ngayo idatha kwi-hard drive, i-SSD, ikhadi le-SD, okanye i-USB drive. "Yi-logical infrastructure" ekuvumela ukuba ugcine iifayile, wazi apho ziqala khona kwaye ziphela khona, zibizwa ngokuba yintoni, ubungakanani bazo, kunye neemvume okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nazo.
Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yefayile, idatha ibiya kuba yingxaki enkulu: iibhloko zolwazi zisasazeke kwidiski yonke ngendlela engacwangciswanga, akunakwenzeka ukuzifumana ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yefayile inoxanduva lokudala isakhiwo sesalathiso kunye nokurekhoda iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kwi-metadata yayo, njengemihla yokudala kunye nokuguqulwa, ubungakanani, umnini, kunye neemvume zokufikelela.
Ubudlelwane phakathi inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yefayile Incinci kakhulu. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yile: udala i-partition, uyifomethe ngenkqubo yefayile (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, njl.njl.), kwaye ukususela ngoko inkqubo yokusebenza isebenzisa olo lwakhiwo ukugcina nokubuyisa amaxwebhu akho, iifoto, iividiyo, okanye iinkqubo.
Le metadata yenkqubo yefayile igcina ulwazi olufana nomhla wokudala, umhla wokuguqulwa kokugqibela, umhla wokufikelela kokugqibela, ubungakanani, kunye neemvume, eziluncedo kwi cwangcisa iifayile zakhoNgalo lonke ixesha ugcina okanye ususa ifayile, inkqubo yefayile ihlaziya olo lwazi kwaye igcina isalathiso esivumela inkqubo yokusebenza ukuba ifumane ngokukhawuleza into oyifunayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zeefayile: idiski, iteyiphu, inethiwekhi, intengiselwano, ekhethekileyo... kodwa xa sisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla sidla ngokujongana neenkqubo zeefayile zeediski: FAT, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS KwiWindows, i-HFS kunye ne-APFS zisetyenziswa kwi-macOS; nakwiLinux, EXT2/3/4, XFS, Btrfs, njl. Nganye yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nemida ethile.
Ukufometha amakhadi e-SD kunye namakhadi ememori kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhamera kunye neekhonsoli zemidlalo
Ukuba injongo yakho kukusebenzisa ikhadi le-SD okanye le-microSD Isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwikhamera, kwikhonsoli, kwidrone, okanye kwisixhobo esiphathwayo.Eyona ngcebiso ikhuselekileyo kukuyifomata usebenzisa isixhobo ngokwaso. Ikhompyutha isebenzisa inkqubo yefayile, ubungakanani beqela, kunye nohlobo lokwahlulahlula olufunekayo, iphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwaye ithintele imiba yokuhambelana.
Xa ufaka ikhadi, izixhobo ezininzi zijonga ukuba inkqubo yefayile yileyo ziyilindeleyo na; ukuba ayilindelwanga, Babonisa umyalezo oza kufomathaKwiimeko ezininzi, awuyi kukwazi ukukhetha ifomathi, kwaye awuyi kubona nokuba iza kusebenzisa i-FAT32 okanye i-exFAT, kodwa kulungile: isixhobo sijonga yonke into. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, kungcono ujonge incwadi yemiyalelo.
Ukuba isixhobo asinayo indlela yokufomatha okanye ikhadi alisebenzi kakuhle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isixhobo esisemthethweni. i-SD Memory Card Formatter kwi-SD Association endaweni yezixhobo zeWindows okanye ze-macOS eziqhelekileyo. Esi sixhobo sihlonipha iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni zamakhadi e-SD, SDHC, kunye ne-SDXC, sikhetha ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo yefayile kunye nobungakanani bokwabiwa.
Ngokubanzi, i-SD Formatter iya kusebenzisa I-FAT32 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32 GB kunye ne-exFAT ukusuka apho ukuya phambiliEzi fomathi ziyaqatshelwa phantse zizo zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufomatha kususa yonke into equlethweyo, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze i-backup ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho.
Iinkqubo zefayile eziqhelekileyo kwiWindows, macOS, kunye neLinux
KwiWindows, iinkqubo zefayile zemveli ezibaluleke kakhulu zezi I-FAT (FAT12/16), i-FAT32, i-exFAT kunye ne-NTFSI-Linux isebenza kakhulu ne-EXT2/3/4, XFS, JFS, Btrfs, ngelixa i-macOS isebenzisa i-HFS/HFS+ kwaye, kwiinguqulelo zamva nje, i-APFS.
Inkqubo nganye yokusebenza inika inkxaso eyahlukileyo kwifomathi nganye: IWindows inokufunda nokubhala kwi-FAT, FAT32, exFAT, kunye ne-NTFS.I-macOS inokusebenza ngokwendalo ne-FAT32 kunye ne-exFAT, kwaye idla ngokufunda i-NTFS kuphela; iLinux ifunda i-FAT/FAT32/exFAT kunye ne-NTFS, nangona inabaqhubi abaphuhlisiweyo kuluntu.
Kwihlabathi leeselula kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo: I-Android isebenzisa i-EXT4 okanye i-F2FS kwisitoreji sangaphakathiIidrive zangaphakathi zokugcina zidla ngokufomethwa kwi-FAT32 okanye kwi-exFAT, ngelixa iidrive zangaphandle zokugcina zidla ngokufomethwa kwi-FAT32 okanye kwi-exFAT. Izixhobo ze-Apple zisebenzisa i-APFS ngaphakathi, nangona i-iOS kunye ne-iPadOS zinokufikelela kwiidrive zangaphandle ezihambelanayo zisebenzisa inkqubo yefayile eqondwa sisixhobo.
I-FAT, i-FAT16, i-FAT32 kunye ne-exFAT: ukuvela kunye nomahluko ophambili
Usapho lwe-FAT (File Allocation Table) lulutsha olunamava, kodwa lusasetyenziswa kakhulu. Lwaqala ngo-1977, ekuqaleni lwenzelwe ii-floppy disks, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha lwahlengahlengiswa kwii-hard drives kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezisuswayo. ilula kwaye ihambelana kakhulu Yiyo loo nto iqhubeka nokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwii-USB flash drives ezininzi kunye namakhadi e-SD.
Iinguqulelo zokuqala yayiyiFAT8, FAT12 kunye neFAT16, ezisetyenziswa kwiinguqulelo zokuqala zeDOS nakwiinkqubo ezifana neWindows 95. I-FAT16 Yaduma njengenkqubo yefayile ephambili kangangeminyaka, nangona yayinemida enzima yomthamo kunye nobukhulu befayile.
I-FAT32 ifike neWindows 95 OSR2 (95B) njengolwandiso lwe-FAT16. Ayizange ithathe indawo ye-FAT16 ngokupheleleyo, kodwa yonyuse inani lee-clusters ezinokulungiselelwa ngenxa "yobubanzi bedatha" obuyi-32-bit, okuvumela iivolumu ezinkulu kakhulu. Ii-partitions ezincinci (ezingaphantsi kwe-512 MiB) zazisadalwa rhoqo kwi-FAT16.
Inani eliphezulu lamaqela anokulawulwa yiFAT32 ngu 268.435.456Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beqela yi-32 KB. Kwiindlela ezithile zokumisela, i-FAT32X ingasetyenziswa xa ukufikelela kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-LBA (iLogical Block Addressing), kodwa amava omsebenzisi ahlala efana.
I-exFAT (i-Extended File Allocation Table) yavela ngo-2006 njengenguquko eyenzelwe ii-flash drives, amakhadi e-SDHC/SDXC, kunye nee-USB drives ezinomthamo ophezulu. Nangona izuza njengefilosofi elula ye-FAT, Ayisiyo "inguqulelo ephuculweyo yeFAT32" nje kuphelakodwa uyilo olulungiselelwe ubungakanani obukhulu beefayile kunye nendawo yokugcina esuswayo.
Iimpawu zeFAT32
I-FAT32 yenye yeefomathi ezindala esisazisebenzisa imihla ngemihla. Ibikho kangangeminyaka emininzi, kwaye amandla ayo amakhulu kukuhambelana kwayo. phantse nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza, umabonwakude, ikhonsoli, okanye ikhamera Ingafunda i-FAT32 drive.
Ingxaki yeFAT32 kukunqongophala kobungakanani befayile yayo: Ayikwazi ukusingatha iifayile ezizimeleyo ezinkulu kune-4 GBUkuba uzama ukukopa umfanekiso wemuvi okanye wediski omkhulu kakhulu, uya kufumana umyalezo oqhelekileyo othi "ifayile inkulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yefayile yendawo oya kuyo".
Ukongeza kumda wobungakanani befayile obuyi-4 GB, i-FAT32 inemiqathango yobukhulu besahlulo. Enyanisweni, ii-partitions ze-FAT32 zihlala zikhawulelwe kwi 2 TB kwiinkqubo ezininzi. Kwii-drives zanamhlanje ze-multi-terabyte, oku kuyenza ingathandeki njengefomathi ephambili.
Ukuqhekeka kolunye ubuthathaka be-FAT32. Le nkqubo ivelisa ukuqhekeka okungaphezulu kune-NTFS, eyayisenza ukuqhekeka koluhlu kube yinto ebalulekileyo ngamanye amaxesha. Oku kwakuphawuleka ngakumbi kwii-hard drive ezindala zoomatshini; impembelelo yahlukile kwii-flash drives, nangona ukugcina ucwangco oluthile kusoloko kunceda.
Ngokuphathelele inani leefayile, i-FAT32 inokusingatha ukuya kuthi ga 268 izigidi, ngaphezulu kokwaneleyo kwiindlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa ekhaya, nangona kwiinkqubo ezineefayile ezininzi ezincinci ukusebenza kunokuqala ukonakala.
Iimpawu zeFAT16
I-FAT16 yayiyeyona nto iqhelekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi kwi-MS-DOS nakwiinguqulelo zokuqala zeWindows. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-FAT12, yayivumela ukuba kubekho iivolumu ezinkulu kunye nolawulo olungcono lweqela, kodwa yaqhubeka inemida emitsha njengoko amandla e-hard drive ayenyuka.
Nge-FAT16 kunye neendidi ezifana ne-FAT16B okanye i-FAT16X, iidrive ezifikelela kwi 2 GB kunye nobukhulu obaneleyo beqela (umz., 32 KB), kodwa ekusebenzeni oku kungaphumeleli kakhulu ngokufika kweediski ezinkulu kunye nokwanda komxholo wemultimedia.
Namhlanje, i-FAT16 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezindala kakhulu okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezincinci. Iinkqubo zangoku aziyisebenzisi kangako ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile. ukuhambelana okungasemva.
Iimpawu ze-exFAT
I-exFAT yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukoyisa imida ye-FAT32 kwiidrayivu zangaphandle. Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule iifayile ezinkulu (malunga namashumi eeterabytes) kunye nomthamo omkhulu kakhulu, ngelixa igcina isakhiwo esilula nesikhaphukhaphu.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-NTFS, i-exFAT ayibandakanyi iimpawu ezininzi eziphambili ezifana neemvume ezintsonkothileyo, ukucinezelwa, okanye ukubethela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa ngenxa yoko ayinayo imali engaphezulu kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle. yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwimemori yefleshi kunye nangaphandle drives.
Ukuhambelana kwe-exFAT kubhetele kakhulu namhlanje kunakwiminyaka eyadlulayo. IiWindows, iiMacOS, kunye nosasazo oluninzi lweLinux lwangoku luyixhasa ngokwendalo (okanye ngeepakeji ezisemthethweni), kwaye inani elikhulu leeTV zanamhlanje, abadlali beendaba, iikhamera, kunye neekhonsoli zemidlalo zinokuyifunda ngaphandle kweengxaki.
Ngokususa umda we-4GB kwifayile nganye nokuvumela izahlulo ezinkulu kune 16 I-EBI-exFAT ifanelekile kwii-hard drive zangaphandle ezingama-64GB nangaphezulu apho ufuna ukugcina iividiyo ze-4K/8K, ii-backups ezipheleleyo okanye iilayibrari zemidlalo kwaye uqhubeke nokusebenzisa i-drive kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
Umahluko osebenzayo: FAT16 vs FAT32 vs exFAT
Phakathi kwe-FAT16 kunye ne-FAT32, umahluko osisiseko usekwe kubungakanani kunye nobukhulu beqela. I-FAT32 ivumela amaqela amaninzi kwaye ke ngoko iivolumu zeeterabytes ezininzingelixa i-FAT16 ibambeke kuluhlu lwe-gigabyte.
Xa ithelekiswa ne-FAT32, i-exFAT luhlobo lwe-"FAT32 exutyiweyo": ihlala ihambelana kakhulu kwaye ilula, kodwa ayisathwali umda wobungakanani befayile obuyi-4GB okanye imiqathango efanayo yobungakanani. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, ukuba isixhobo sixhasa i-exFAT, Phantse ngalo lonke ixesha yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. kuneFAT32.
Ukuba isixhobo siyiqonda kuphela i-FAT (FAT12/16/32), njengoko kunjalo kwiiTV ezininzi ze-Android, le iya kuba yifomathi kuphela esinokuyisebenzisa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kungcono ukuvumela isixhobo ngokwaso sifomethe idrayivu kwinkqubo yaso yefayile esithandayo.
I-NTFS kunye nezinye iinkqubo zefayile kwiWindows
I-NTFS (iNkqubo yeFayile yeTekhnoloji eNtsha) yinkqubo yefayile yanamhlanje eqhelekileyo kwiWindows. Yenzelwe ukoyisa imida ye-FAT32 kubungakanani befayile kunye nokwahlulahlula, kunye nokongeza iimpawu eziphambili esizithatha lula ngoku.
I-NTFS isusa umda wobungakanani befayile obuyi-4GB: inokusingatha iifayile ukuya kuthi ga kwi 16 TB kunye nemithamo yethiyori efikelela kwi-16 EB, idlula kakhulu into esiyisebenzisayo ekhaya. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe yifomathi efanelekileyo kwii-hard drive zangaphakathi, ii-game consoles, kunye nokugcina iilayibrari ezinkulu zemultimedia kwiindawo zeWindows.
I-NTFS ibandakanya uphuculo olubalulekileyo olufana iimvume ze-granular, i-journaling, kunye ne-encryption Idityanisiwe. Konke oku kujoliswe kukhuseleko, uzinzo, kunye nolawulo lwedatha oluphambili.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ye-NTFS kukuhambelana kwayo ngaphandle kweWindows. Umzekelo, i-macOS inokufunda ii-NTFS drives kodwa ingabhali kuzo ngaphandle kwesoftware eyongezelelweyo. Ezinye iiSmart TV okanye abadlali bemidiya abaziqondi ifomathi, okanye ngokuyinxenye.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-NTFS iyacetyiswa njengenkqubo yefayile ephambili yee-drive zangaphakathi kwi-Windows nakwii-drive zangaphandle oza kuyisebenzisa kuphela kwiikhompyutha zeWindows. Xa i-macOS, iLinux, ii-consoles, okanye iiTV zisebenza, kufanelekile ukuqwalasela ezinye iinkqubo zefayile. exFAT ukunqanda izoyikiso.
I-ReFS: umlandeli ophambili, ayikahambelani kakhulu
I-ReFS (iNkqubo yeeFayile eziHlaziyiweyo) lilinge leMicrosoft lokudlulela ngaphaya kwe-NTFS. Isetyenziswe iminyaka emininzi kwiindawo zeseva kunye neziko ledatha, kwaye kwiinguqulelo zamva nje zeWindows 11 iqalile ukubonakala kwiindlela ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
Amandla ayo akwindlela esebenza ngayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kwiifayile ezininzi, nokuba isebenza kwiifayile ezincinci kakhulu okanye imithwalo enzima. Ukuhambelana kwangoku kunqongophele kakhulu.: ngokusisiseko ikhawulelwe kwiimeko ezithile kakhulu kwiWindows 11 yanamhlanje.
Kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo wasekhaya, iReFS ayilokhetho olusebenzayo. Awuyi kukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kwiiTV, ii-game consoles, ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza, okanye kwiinguqulelo ezindala zeWindows. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba unesidingo esithile, kungcono ukulibala ngayo okwangoku.
I-EXT2/3/4, i-HFS/APFS kunye nezinye iifomathi ezingaphandle kweWindows
KwiLinux, usapho lwe-EXT (EXT2, EXT3, EXT4) luye lwaba ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo. I-EXT4 Yeyona nguqulelo yangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu, inokuphuculwa kokusebenza, ukuphathwa kwemithamo emikhulu, kunye nokuthembeka. Ilungele ukwahlulwahlulwa kwenkqubo kunye nedatha ngaphakathi kwindawo yeLinux.
IWindows ayiqondi i-EXT ngokwendalo, ngoko ke ukuba ufomata idiski kwi-EXT4 yeLinux, ukusuka kwiWindows kuya kufuneka izixhobo zomntu wesithathu okanye iWindows Subsystem yeLinux (WSL) ukuze ufikelele kuloo datha, ngesiqhelo kwi-console.
I-Apple yona, isebenzisa i-APFS kwiinguqulelo zayo zanamhlanje ze-macOS kunye ne-iOS. Ngaphambili, i-HFS okanye i-HFS+ yayixhaphakile, kwaye ezi zisenokufumaneka kwiimatshini ezindala okanye kwiidiski zokugcina idatha zeTime Machine.
I-APFS ingathathwa njengelingana ne-NTFS kwi-Apple ecosystem: yenzelwe ii-SSD, isebenza kakuhle, i-encryption, ii-snapshots, kunye nolawulo oluphambili. HFS + Ingafana ne-FAT32 "ehlanjululweyo", nangona inenkxaso engcono kwiifayile ezinkulu.
Kwiifowuni ze-Android, i-EXT4 kunye ne-F2FS ziifomathi ezibalaseleyo zememori yangaphakathi. F2FS Yenzelwe ngokukodwa imemori ye-flash, nangona inomda wobungakanani befayile obuyi-4GB onokuba yingozi kwiimeko ezithile, ngelixa i-EXT4 ingenawo loo mda.
Inkqubo yefayile vs itafile yokwahlulahlula (MBR kunye neGPT)
Inkqubo yefayile akufuneki idideke netheyibhile yokwahlulahlula. Inkqubo yefayile (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, njl.njl.) ichaza indlela idatha ecwangciswa kwaye ilawulwa ngayo ngaphakathi kwesahlulo. Itheyibhile yokwahlulahlula, kwelinye icala, yisalathisi esichaza indlela indawo yediski ebonakalayo eyahlulwe ngayo ibe yisahlulo esinye okanye ezingaphezulu.
Itheyibhile yokwahlulahlula igcina idatha efana neendawo zokuqala nezokugqibela zesahlulo ngasinye, uhlobo lwenkqubo yefayile ekuyo, nokuba iyakwazi ukuqalwa, ifundeka kuphela, njl. Ngaphandle kwetheyibhile yokwahlulahlula ehambelanayo, inkqubo yokusebenza isenokungayiboni ngokuchanekileyo idrayivu okanye ingayibonisa njenge "diski engaqalwanga."
Iinkqubo ezimbini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi I-MBR (iRekhodi ye-Master Boot) kunye ne-GPT (iTheyibhile yokuHlela ye-GUID)I-MBR yifomathi yakudala, ihambelana kakhulu ne-BIOS endala kunye nezixhobo, kodwa inomlinganiselo omncinci ngobukhulu kunye nenani lee-partitions.
I-GPT ngumgangatho wanamhlanje, owenzelwe i-UEFI. Ivumela iidiski ezinkulu kakhulu, ii-partitions ezingaphezulu, kunye neempawu eziphambili ezifana ne-Secure Boot. IWindows 11 kunye neyamva zifuna i-GPT kwi-system drive. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izixhobo ezisisiseko (iiTV, abadlali beendaba abangabizi kakhulu) zisenokungayixhasi i-GPT kwaye zinokufunda iidiski ze-MBR kuphela.
Enyanisweni, itafile yokwahlulahlula kunye nenkqubo yefayile ziyasebenza. iileya ezimbini ezahlukeneyoOkokuqala, uchaza indlela idiski eyahlulwahlulwa ngayo (MBR/GPT), uze emva koko uchaze ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yefayile esetyenziswayo kwisahlulo ngasinye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lo mahluko ukuze uphephe iingcamango ezididayo xa ufomata.
I-FAT32 vs NTFS vs exFAT: uthelekiso oluthe ngqo
Phakathi kweFAT32 kunye ne-NTFS, umahluko ocacileyo kakhulu bubungakanani obukhulu befayile. I-FAT32 ixhasa kuphela iifayile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4 GBI-NTFS ivumela iifayile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 TB, nto leyo "engenamda" xa isetyenziswa ekhaya.
Kukwakho nomsantsa kumandla okwahlulahlula: i-FAT32 idla ngokusebenzisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 TB, ngelixa i-NTFS ikhula ibe yi-exabytes. Ukuba unediski enkulu kune-2 TB ofuna ukuyisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka NTFS (okanye enye inkqubo yanamhlanje) ukuze kungachithwa ndawo.
Xa kuthelekiswa i-FAT32 kunye ne-exFAT, inzuzo ye-exFAT kwakhona kubungakanani. I-exFAT inokusingatha iifayile zolandelelwano olufanayo ne-NTFS (16 TB) kunye nevolumu enkulu, ngelixa i-FAT32 ibambeke kwi-4 GB ngefayile nganye. Ukuba idrayivu yakho inomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-4 GB, ukusebenzisa i-FAT32 akuniki zibonelelo ezininzi kune-exFAT ngaphandle kokuhambelana nezixhobo ezindala kakhulu.
Phakathi kwe-exFAT kunye ne-NTFS, iinkcukacha zobukhulu befayile ziyafana kakhulu. Umahluko omkhulu kukuhambelana: I-exFAT isebenza ngendlela yendalo kakhulu I-NTFS isetyenziswa kwiWindows, macOS, kwiidistributions ezininzi zeLinux, iiTV, kunye neeconsoles. I-NTFS, kwelinye icala, inelungelo leMicrosoft kwaye kwezinye iinkqubo idla ngokuthintelwa okanye ixhaswa kuphela ngabaqhubi bangaphandle.
Ukuba uza kuqhagamshela idrayivu kwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza okanye izixhobo ezifana nomabonwakude, I-exFAT idla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokubhejaUkuba uyazi ukuba uza kuyisebenzisa kuphela kwiWindows, i-NTFS iza kukunika iimpawu ezongezelelweyo kunye nokusebenza.
Ukusebenza: Yeyiphi inkqubo yefayile ekhawulezayo?
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, zonke iifomathi ezintathu (i-FAT32, i-exFAT, kunye ne-NTFS) zinokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo i-fast drive, nokuba yi-USB 3.0, SSD okanye i-NVMe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezingalunganga ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwefayile kunye nomsebenzi owenziwayo.
Ngeefayile ezincinci kakhulu, I-NTFS idla ngokuba yeyona isebenzayoKwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo, ukubhala iifayile ezincinci kwi-NTFS kunokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% kune-FAT32, ngelixa i-exFAT ikhawuleza malunga ne-25% kune-FAT32. I-NTFS ikwanceda xa ufunda ezi fayile zincinci, nangona isantya siphantsi kancinci.
Xa usebenzisa iifayile eziphakathi ukuya kwezinkulu, umahluko phakathi kweFAT32, exFAT, kunye ne-NTFS phantse uyanyamalala. Zonke zibonelela ngokusebenza okufanayo, kunye notshintsho olumalunga ne-5% olungabonakaliyo xa kusetyenziswa ngokwenene, ukuba nje i-port (USB 3.0 vs. 2.0) ayisiyongxaki.
Xa ukopisha iifayile ezinkulu kakhulu (imifanekiso ye-ISO, iividiyo ze-4K, ii-backups ezipheleleyo), i-FAT32 ayifanelekanga ngenxa yomda wayo we-4GB, ngoko ke ukhetho lokwenyani luphakathi kwe-exFAT kunye ne-NTFS. Ukusebenza kuya kufana kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuhambelana Kwakhona yinto ebalulekileyo.
Ukuhambelana kwesixhobo: iiPC, iiselula, iiTV kunye neeconsoles
IWindows iyakwazi ukuguquguquka: iyaqonda iFAT32, i-exFAT, kunye ne-NTFS ngaphandle kwengxaki. Kwiidiski zangaphakathi kunye needrive ezisebenzisa umthwalo omninzi, I-NTFS lukhetho olucetyiswayoKwizixhobo ezisuswayo eziza kususwa kwiWindows, i-exFAT lolona khetho lungcono.
I-macOS inokufunda i-NTFS kodwa ayisoloko iyibhalela ngaphandle koncedo lwangaphandle. Nge-FAT32 kunye ne-exFAT, kwelinye icala, inokufunda nokubhala ngaphandle kwemida, nto leyo eyenza ukuba Iinketho ezifanelekileyo kwiidrive phakathi kweMac kunye nePC.
I-Linux isebenza kakuhle nge-FAT32 kunye ne-exFAT, kwaye inokufikelela kwi-NTFS ngenxa yabaqhubi abafana ne-NTFS-3G, nangona apho uxhomekeke kwezinye iindlela zokusebenza ngaphandle kweMicrosoft.
Kwii-consoles, zombini iPlayStation kunye neXbox ngokubanzi ziyamkela i-FAT32 kunye ne-exFAT kwiidrayivu zangaphandle. Ii-consoles zeSony aziqhelekanga ukubhala kakuhle kwi-NTFS, ngelixa i-Xbox iguquguquka kancinci, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuba kwicala elikhuselekileyo, I-FAT32/exFAT yindlela.
IiTV ze-Android zihlala zixhasa kuphela iinkqubo zeefayile ezisekelwe kwi-FAT. Xa uqhagamshela i-USB drive okanye i-hard drive yangaphandle, iTV iyayiskena kwaye, ukuba ibona ifomathi engaxhaswayo, ihlala inika ithuba lokuyifomatha kwi-FAT ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyasebenza. Kungcono ukuvumela iTV ukuba yenze ifomathi yokuqala ukuba uza kuyisebenzisa kakhulu i-drive ngenxa yaloo njongo.
Yeyiphi inkqubo yefayile omawuyikhethe kwimeko nganye
Kwi-USB drive encinci apho uza kugcina khona amaxwebhu okanye iifayile ezincinci kuphela, FAT32 isasebenza kwaye iyahambelana kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba uza kuyixhuma kwiikhompyutha ezindala, ii-stereo zemoto okanye izixhobo "ezingaqhelekanga".
Ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa iifayile ezinkulu kune-4 GB phakathi kweWindows, macOS, kunye neLinux, exFAT Le yifomathi ecetyiswayo. Ifanelekile kwiidiski ezinkulu zangaphandle ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina iikopi okanye ukuthutha iividiyo ezinesisombululo esiphezulu.
Ukuba yonke indawo ohlala kuyo yiWindows kwaye ufuna ukufumana okuninzi kwi-hard drive yangaphakathi okanye yomdlalo, NTFS Yintshukumo ecacileyo leyo. Ivumela iifayile ezinkulu, ilawula ngcono ukuqhekeka, kwaye inika ukhuseleko oluphambili kunye neendlela zokugcina idatha.
Ukuba uhlala kwi-Apple ecosystem kwaye usebenzisa iiMac kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-Apple kuphela, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuhlala kuyo APFS Kwiidiski zenkqubo, i-HFS+ isetyenziswa kwiidrayivu ezithile zangaphandle okanye kwiibackups ezindala zeTime Machine. Nangona kunjalo, kwiidiski ezabelwana ngazo neWindows, i-exFAT ikwayindlela esetyenziswayo yokuvumelana.
Ukuba imeko yakho ijikeleza kwiLinux kwaye iiyunithi ziya kusetyenziswa kuphela kwiinkqubo zohlobo lwe-GNU/Linux, I-EXT4 Ngumgangatho ofanelekileyo. Ukuze wabelane ngeWindows kunye neMac, uza kuphinda usebenzise i-exFAT.
Tshintsha inkqubo yefayile: ifomathi okanye uguqule
Xa ufuna ukutshintsha inkqubo yefayile yedrive, uneendlela ezimbini onokukhetha kuzo: ifomathi okanye ukuguqula. Ukufomatha kususa yonke into kwaye idala inkqubo yefayile ukusuka ekuqaleni; ukuguqula iinzame zokutshintsha ifomathi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yidatha.
Ukufomatha yeyona ndlela ilula neyona ixhaphakileyo. Ukusuka kwiWindows Explorer, kwiDisk Management, okanye kwizixhobo ezifanayo kwiMacOS nakwiLinux, ungakhetha idrive, ukhethe iFAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT, njl.njl., kwaye usebenzise utshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kucima wonke umxholo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukugcina i-backup kwangaphambili.
Inzuzo yokufomatha kukuba ungatshintshela phantse kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yefayile (FAT32 → exFAT, NTFS → FAT32, njl.njl.), ngelixa abaguquli bedla ngokuba mbalwa. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiidiski okanye iidrive ezintsha apho ungadingi ukugcina idatha ekhoyo.
Izixhobo zokuguqula ezingalahlekiyo zikuvumela ukuba uguqule phakathi kwe-FAT32 kunye ne-NTFS ngaphandle kokufomatha, oku kuluncedo xa idrayivu izele ziifayile ezibalulekileyo. Iinkqubo zomntu wesithathu (abaphathi besahlulo) zibonelela ngolu hlobo lomsebenzi kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, zikwaguqulela kwiinkqubo ze-Linux EXT.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-converter, kusengumbono olungileyo ukuba ne-backup, kuba naluphi na ukucima kombane, ukuhla konxibelelwano, okanye i-bug inokushiya i-drive ikwimeko engahambelaniyo. Kodwa ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, unokufumana ifomathi efanelekileyo ngaphandle kobunzima bokuhambisa amakhulu eegigabytes kwenye indawo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yefayile kunye nendlela yokujongana nazo
Xa inkqubo yefayile yonakele okanye kukho ukungangqinelani, kuvela imiyalezo engaqhelekanga: “ivolumu ayinayo inkqubo yefayile eyaziwayo”, “ifayile inkulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yefayile yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo”, iidiski zeRAW, Izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinxulumene ne-NTFS, Njl
Izizathu zinokuba zininzi: iintsholongwane, ukucima kombane, ukucima i-USB ngaphandle kokuyikhuphaUkuphazamiseka ekukopisheni iifayile, amacandelo amabi, iimpazamo zokwahlulahlula... Zonke ezi zinto zingonakalisa i-metadata kwaye zishiye i-drive ingafikeleleki.
Ukuba i-drive isabonakala kwinkqubo nangona ungakwazi ukuyivula, into ephambili kukuzama ukufumana idatha ngesoftware ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uzame. Izixhobo ezininzi zikuvumela ukuba uskene izahlulo ze-FAT16/32, exFAT, kunye ne-NTFS, nokuba inkqubo iziphawula njenge-RAW.
KwiWindows, inyathelo lokuqala kukusebenzisa isixhobo sokujonga iimpazamo (ScanDisk/CHKDSK): cofa ekunene kwi-drive → Iipropati → Izixhobo ithebhu → Jonga. Le nkonzo iskena kwaye ilungisa iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo yefayile enengqondo.
Ukuba ingxaki inzima ngakumbi (amacandelo onakeleyo, itafile yokwahlulahlula eyonakeleyo, iintsholongwane), kuya kufuneka kudityaniswe ukubuyiswa kwedatha, izixhobo zokulungisa ezikumgangatho ophantsi, kwaye, njengesisombululo sokugqibela, ukufomatha nokuphinda kwakhiwe isahlulo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuba i-backups rhoqo.
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-exFAT, i-FAT32, i-FAT, kunye ne-FAT16, kunye nendlela ezihambelana ngayo ne-NTFS, i-EXT, okanye i-APFS kukuvumela ukuba khetha ifomathi echanekileyo yeyunithi nganyeZiphephe imiqathango yobukhulu beefayile engaqhelekanga, nciphisa iimpazamo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iidiski zakho, amakhadi, kunye nomsebenzi wememori apho uzifuna khona ngokwenene, ukusuka kwiPC yeWindows ukuya kwiSmart TV okanye kwi-console yesizukulwana esilandelayo.
